How to Use a Fire Extinguisher

Fire extinguishers can help save lives, but only when they’re used properly. Use them only for small, contained fires that are not spreading and don’t threaten you or others. Aim the nozzle at the base of the flames and sweep it back and forth across them. Keep aiming and sweeping until the fire goes out.

If a fire spreads, evacuate the area immediately and call 911 from a mobile phone or neighbor’s home. Follow the Fire Department’s advice, as well as any instructions provided by the manufacturer and local fire code regulations.

Before using a fire extinguisher, check the pressure gauge to ensure it’s pressurized. Also, read the label to make sure you’re using the right type of extinguisher for the class of fire you’re attempting to put out. If the cylinder is empty or the needle has moved away from the green zone, have it serviced by a certified fire extinguisher technician.

Dry chemical extinguishers contain a finely ground extinguishing agent that looks like yellow talcum powder, with nitrogen gas as propellant. They are effective on Class A fires (ordinary combustible materials, wood, paper, cloth, rubber and many plastics) and can also be used on class B fires that involve flammable liquids and gases. They must not be used on electrical equipment as they can be corrosive to the system. They work by absorbing the moisture in the burning material, which cools and smothers the fire. They have a range of about 15 feet. Operation is simple: pull pin, aim the nozzle at the base of the fire, and sweep from side to side.

Halon extinguishers contain a gas that’s odorless and tasteless, making them easy to use. They have a long range and can be used on Class A and B fires. They’re easy to maintain, but the hose and horn must be replaced after every use. They require annual maintenance and servicing by a certified fire extinguisher servicer.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) extinguishers contain a non-flammable gas that works by displacing oxygen, taking it out of the fire triangle. They’re effective on Class B and Class C fires and are practical for offices, since they won’t damage electrical equipment. They have a hard horn at the end of a flexible hose and come in sizes from 5 to 100 lbs. They are easy to maintain, but the horn gets very cold as it discharges and can be uncomfortable for some users.

Store your fire extinguishers where they’re easy to reach, preferably near exits. Be sure everyone in your household knows where the fire extinguishers are kept, as well as your entire escape plan. You should also share this information with babysitters, house sitters and guests. Keeping a fire extinguisher handy can prevent panic and give you the confidence to act quickly in the event of a fire. And don’t forget to practice your fire escape plan often, so it becomes second-nature in the event of an emergency.