What Does a Firefighter Do?

Firefighters, also known as firefighters or firemen (or women), use skills acquired through extensive training to control and extinguish fires, perform emergency medical services, and respond to hazardous materials incidents. They are often part of a fire department, but some work for military and civilian organizations. Firefighters can be found around the world, operating in a variety of settings, from urban areas to aboard ships.

Fire department career training starts in high school with the completion of a state-approved course or program of study. In addition to classroom studies, students learn practical skills at a local fire academy or similar facility. Training includes structural and wildland firefighting techniques, as well as emergency medical care and the operation of fire apparatus and equipment.

After completing the formal training, firefighters are assigned to a fire company and receive further on-the-job instruction from veteran firefighters. They must pass regular testing and annual evaluations to maintain their status as a firefighter.

The day begins at the fire station with a briefing by the company commander, who gives the crew their assignments for the shift ahead. A firefighter may be assigned to an engine company, ladder company, or rescue company. At a fire scene, firefighters work together as a team to assess the situation and execute appropriate response tactics. Firefighters are trained to use a wide range of emergency response tools, including thermal imaging cameras and cutting tools, to safely rescue trapped people from the wreckage of burned buildings or vehicles.

Many of the tasks involved in a firefighter’s job are dangerous, and firefighters must take precautions to protect themselves and others. They wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) equipped with full face masks to prevent smoke inhalation and exposure to toxic fumes and superheated gases. They also wear personal protective gear that may include gloves, eye protection, uniforms, and boots. A firefighter may also carry a portable oxygen tank, which is used to refill their SCBA when they run out of air.

During an incident, firefighters coordinate with other agencies such as police and emergency medical service to provide the most effective response. They also work closely with fire investigators or fire marshals, who investigate the cause of a fire. Firefighters also use communications systems to transmit alarms, request assistance, and update supervisors on conditions at an incident.

Despite the common perception of firefighters as a dangerous profession, it is an important one that saves lives and property throughout the community. Those who are interested in becoming firefighters should prepare for a rigorous application and selection process, including a physical exam, background check, and drug screening. If accepted, a firefighter will have a rewarding career that is both challenging and satisfying. In the United States, a firefighter’s salary is competitive with other public safety careers, and many departments offer competitive benefits packages. A typical package includes health and dental insurance, retirement, vacation, and sick leave. Some firefighting departments also offer additional compensation, such as bonus pay and overtime.