Situs toto macau adalah permainan togel online yang populer bagi pecinta toto online di seluruh dunia. Namun, dengan kemunculan berbagai situs togel online yang menawarkan layanan serupa, penting bagi pemain untuk memahami dan mengetahui hal-hal penting dari situs toto macau yang resmi dan terpercaya. Situs toto macau bukan hanya saja tempat pasang toto togel saja tetapi pada situs terpercaya ini juga menyediakan berbagai permainan judi online seperti togel online, casino online, dan permainan slot online dengan beragam jenis provider game slot online.

Memilih situs toto macau yang resmi dan terpercaya adalah langkah penting agar selalu bermain memasang toto macau yang aman, adil, dan menyenangkan. Dengan banyaknya situs judi online yang bermunculan, para bettor diharuskan berhati-hati untuk tidak jatuh ke dalam perangkap situs ilegal atau penipuan.

Tips Memilih Situs Toto Macau Terpercaya Dan Resmi

Situs toto macau merupakan tempat pasang toto togel online yang menarik bagi para pecinta judi online, namun penting untuk memilih situs toto togel online resmi dan terpercaya guna memastikan pengalaman pasang toto macau hari ini selalu aman. Maka dari itu, kami akan membagikan beberapa tips cara membedakan situs toto macau yang aman dan terpercaya seperti dibawah ini:

1. Lisensi Resmi: Situs toto macau yang resmi dan terpercaya akan memiliki lisensi resmi yang dikeluarkan oleh otoritas perjudian terkemuka. Lisensi ini menunjukkan bahwa situs tersebut telah melewati serangkaian tes dan memenuhi standar keamanan dan keadilan yang ketat.
2. Reputasi yang Baik: Situs toto macau yang terpercaya biasanya memiliki reputasi yang baik di antara para pemain judi daring. Ini bisa dilihat dari ulasan dan testimonial positif dari para pemain yang telah menggunakan platform tersebut.
3. Keamanan yang Tinggi: Keamanan adalah faktor kunci dalam memilih situs toto macau. Situs yang terpercaya akan menggunakan teknologi enkripsi terbaru untuk melindungi data pribadi dan keuangan para pemain.
4. Variasi Permainan: Situs toto macau yang berkualitas akan menawarkan berbagai macam permainan judi, mulai dari togel tradisional hingga permainan kasino modern seperti slot online, poker online, dan blackjack.
5. Pilihan Metode Pembayaran yang Aman: Situs toto macau terpercaya selalu menjunung kemudahan dalam melakukan deposit dengan menyediakan berbagai metode pembayaran yang aman dan dapat dipercaya untuk melakukan deposit dan penarikan dana.
6. Pelayanan Pelanggan yang Baik: Situs toto Macau yang resmi dan terpercaya akan memberikan pelayanan pelanggan yang responsif dan ramah. Mereka akan siap membantu para pemain dalam menyelesaikan masalah dan menjawab pertanyaan dengan cepat dan efisien.

Situs toto macau resmi dan terpercaya adalah tempat yang aman dan nyaman bagi para pemain untuk menikmati pengalaman memasang toto togel online yang menyenangkan dan adil. Dengan memahami pentingnya memilih situs toto macau yang tepat, pemain dapat menikmati taruhan toto togel dengan aman dan tidak perlu cemas.

Beragam Pasaran Togel Online Populer Selain Toto Macau

Togel online merupakan salah satu bentuk taruhan togel toto yang paling populer saat ini. Di samping taruhan toto macau, ada berbagai pasaran toto togel lain yang menarik minat pemain dari berbagai belahan dunia. Dari Toto Singapore hingga Toto Hongkong, mari kita jelajahi beberapa pasaran toto togel online yang paling banyak dimainkan selain toto macau.

• Toto Singapore (SGP)

Toto Singapore, atau yang sering disebut sebagai SGP, adalah salah satu pasaran toto togel yang paling terkenal di dunia. Dikelola oleh Singapore Pools, pasaran togel online ini menawarkan pengeluaran togel setiap hari nya selain hari jumat tutup. Toto Singapore terkenal dengan keadilan dan transparansinya, serta hadiah besar yang dapat dimenangkan.

• Toto Hongkong (HK)

Toto Hongkong atau HK merupakan salah satu pasaran toto togel yang paling tua dan terkemuka di Asia. Dioperasikan oleh Hong Kong Jockey Club, pasaran ini menawarkan pengundian setiap hari pada pukul 23:00 WIB. Toto Hongkong terkenal dengan variasi taruhan yang luas dan hadiah besar yang menarik pemain dari seluruh dunia.

• Toto Sidney (SYD)

Toto Sidney, atau SYD, adalah pasaran toto togel populer lainnya yang menarik minat pemain di Australia dan di luar negeri. Dikelola oleh NSW Lotteries Corporation, pasaran ini menawarkan pengundian setiap hari pada pukul 13:30 WIB. Toto Sidney dikenal dengan hadiah besar dan taruhan yang mudah dipahami.

• Toto Japan(TJ)

Toto japan, atau TJ, adalah salah satu pasaran togel onlne lainya toto japan yang paling banyak dimainkan di Asia. Dioperasikan oleh toto japan, pasaran ini menawarkan pengundian setiap hari pada pukul 19.00 WIB. Toto japan terkenal dengan variasi taruhan toto online yang menarik dan peluang kemenangan yang tinggi.

Dengan beragam jenis pasaran toto togel online yang lengkap dan hadiah kemenangan togel online terbesar yang menggiurkan. Meskipun toto macau tetap menjadi salah satu pasaran toto togel yang paling populer, para pemain memiliki banyak pilihan menarik lainnya untuk dieksplorasi dan dinikmati.

A fire extinguisher is a device that can put out small fires or contain them until help arrives. It should never be used in place of emergency services, but it is a good idea to have one in your home. There are many different types of fire extinguishers, each one designed to fight certain classes of fire. There are two categories: handheld and cart-mounted (also called wheeled) units. Handheld extinguishers can be carried and operate by an individual person, while the larger cart-mounted units require a trained operator.

This is the most versatile type of fire extinguisher and is rated to be used on Class A, Class B, or Class C fires. It discharges a spray of microscopic water molecules that fight the fire by cooling it and stopping its chemical reaction. This type of fire extinguisher is also nontoxic and doesn’t leave a residue. It is available in a variety of models that include dry chemicals, wet chemicals, and foam.

Sodium bicarbonate fire extinguishers (Class A, K) use a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and silica gel particles to stop the chemical reaction of the fire and soak up unburned fuel, which prevents it from contacting air. They are effective for a wide range of liquids and gases, including gasoline and propane. They are blue/red in color and can be discharged as either an aspirated (mixed and expanded with air) or nonaspirated (stored as a solid compound that is mixed upon squeezing the handle). Historically, these extinguishers were also made in a pre-mix model where the AFFF concentrate was housed in an external cartridge and mixed with plain water on discharge.

Dry chemical (Class A, B, C) fire extinguishers use pressurized dry agents such as copper sulfate for class A fires or graphite for class D fires. Graphite-based (G-Plus, G-1, and Lith-X) or dry powder fire extinguishers were first developed in the United States in 1949, with the Ansul Super-K and Purple-K being invented in the early 1960s. These are effective for a wide range of flammable liquids and can also be used on metal fires, such as magnesium.

Halon (Halon 1211 and Halon 1301) is a gas that inhibits the fire’s chemical reaction, cools the flames, and vaporizes to leave behind no residue. It was used extensively in the 1950s and 1960s, but its production is prohibited under the Montreal Protocol due to ozone depletion. Halon may still be recycled for use in existing cylinders.

Carbon Dioxide (Class B, C) fire extinguishers release a high concentration of carbon dioxide in the form of a gas/snow cloud that quickly evaporates after use, leaving no residue and no electricity-conductive properties. These are useful for protecting electronic equipment in computer rooms, laboratories and printing or duplicating areas.

Clean Agent (Class A, B, and C) fire extinguishers are nonconductive and noncorrosive and discharge a combination of gas and mist that penetrates the surface of the fuel to smother it. This type of extinguisher is commonly found in our kitchens and food preparation areas and is a great choice for Class A, Class B, or Class C flames.

Fire stations are a very important part of the public safety infrastructure for many cities and towns. They serve a variety of purposes: housing the fire fighting vehicles, providing administrative space and providing training and community services. The number of fire stations in a municipality is usually based on the amount of square mileage served and the need to minimize response times.

A fire station can vary in size and design, depending on the needs of the specific department. Some examples include aircraft rescue firefighting (ARFF) stations located at airports, hazardous materials response stations situated near potential spill sites and shoreline firefighting stations.

The basic structure of a fire station is an apparatus bay with a vehicle maintenance area, which includes a heavy-duty lift and all utility connections required to perform large vehicle maintenance. The vehicle maintenance area is also equipped with a vehicle wash for cleaning and scrubbing the fire fighting vehicles. Administrative areas include standard office space for firefighters and additional spaces designed for specialized functions such as computer training and testing.

Many fire departments have a large number of volunteer or retained firefighters in addition to professional, full time firefighters. These firefighters are called on by sirens or radio/pagers to come to the fire station and take their assigned vehicle to a scene. These fire stations may have very limited amenities such as a case or “trophy wall” where firefighters display their memorabilia from the department.

In the United States, fire stations are often named after a fire company or engine company and may be identified by their number, for example Engine Co. 58. They are sometimes also referred to as firehouses, though that term is more generally used to describe the entire building and not simply the area within which a fire company operates.

A fire station is operated by a battalion and contains one to three fire companies led by a captain and staffed with firefighters and officers. In large cities such as New York, firefighters work 24-hour shifts and are swapped among different tours each week.

Firefighters are trained in various rescue techniques and use equipment for fire suppression and other emergency responses, including water supply, extinguishing fires, searching for victims and making hydrants available to the public. They also spend a great deal of time training and conducting inspections and other duties on the job.

In order to be eligible for a firefighter position, candidates must pass physical and psychological tests. In addition, they are required to attend regular fire school courses, which can include classes on fire science and technology, hazardous materials response and firefighting tactics. The job requires an extremely high level of responsibility and commitment, and a firefighter must be willing to make personal sacrifices in the name of his or her career. A firefighter’s life can be physically demanding, as well, with long shifts, strenuous activity and the need to travel to scenes of emergencies. These factors have contributed to the increased attention being paid by some fire departments to improving their firefighter quality of life.

Firefighters are responsible for responding to a variety of emergency situations, such as fires, hazardous materials incidents, and medical emergencies. They work for local, county, state, or federal government agencies as part of fire departments. Firefighters may also work in volunteer departments in rural areas. Their duties include extinguishing fires, conducting search and rescue operations, providing emergency medical treatment to injured persons, preventing property damage from fire, and educating the public on fire safety and prevention.

A large number of people wish to become firefighters, but it is a very difficult job to get. Thousands of applicants apply for only a few available positions. Some are unsuccessful because they lack the right qualifications, or they fail to pass the written exam, the oral interview, the physical agility test, or the background investigation. Some will be disqualified because of a negative medical history or a criminal record. Others simply do not have the physical strength and stamina required to perform the job.

In order to be successful, you must understand that being a firefighter is not for everyone. It is a dangerous profession that requires you to be physically strong, mentally alert, and emotionally mature. You must be able to cope with the stress and danger of working at a scene of an emergency and the emotional trauma that often results from seeing dead and wounded persons. You must be able to make good decisions under pressure, think on your feet, and be prepared to take action without much time to evaluate the situation.

Although popular dramas depict firefighters rushing into burning buildings, most of the calls that fire departments respond to are for medical reasons rather than fires. Therefore, firefighters must be trained emergency medical technicians as well as firefighters. They must be able to assess the situation and provide immediate care and treatment for injured persons until paramedics arrive on the scene. Firefighters are on call for long shifts that can last up to 48 hours and must be able to live and sleep at the station between shifts.

Firefighters are the first line of defense in protecting our communities. As first responders to disasters, medical emergencies and terrorist attacks, firefighters are always there when we need them most. In addition to fighting fires and responding to other emergencies, firefighters conduct hazardous material investigations, test hydrants, and educate the community about fire safety.

If you are interested in becoming a firefighter, the best way to gain hands-on experience is through a department’s cadet, volunteer, reserve, or paid on-call program. Ask your local fire department or your fire science instructor for more information. Be sure to talk with current and retired firefighters in your area. Find out what they enjoy about the job and what they would recommend for those who are considering this career. In addition, visit the fire stations in your area and speak with the firefighters there. This will help you stand out as a candidate during the interview process.

Fire protection is all about preventing or containing the spread of a fire in order to minimize damage, loss of life and property. Whether it is required by building code, required by insurance or just good business sense, every home and commercial space should be equipped with effective fire prevention systems.

A single spark can cause a wildfire that can destroy homes, businesses and even entire communities. It is critical to understand the factors that create this threat, as well as how fire protection strategies can help to keep a community safe.

The first step to fire prevention is the establishment of a fire safety plan for every household or building. This includes creating evacuation routes and practicing these plans regularly. It is also important to keep all fire safety equipment in working condition, including smoke detectors and evacuation systems. This can be done by conducting annual (or more frequent) inspections of these items.

If you live in an area that is at risk for wildfires, it is a good idea to remove combustible materials from around the outside of your house, shed or garage. This can include stacks of wood and other materials that can easily catch fire. Leaving a defensible space of at least five feet is recommended. Additionally, it is important to monitor news alerts and recommendations from local officials.

While many people think of active fire protection systems when they hear the word “fire protection,” passive systems are equally – if not more – effective at reducing property damage and protecting lives. These are stationary systems that help to prevent the spread of smoke and flames, keeping them in their original areas so they can be quickly put out.

Fire suppression systems use sensitive sensors to detect heat, smoke and other warning signs and activate automatically in the presence of a fire. The system then responds by releasing a controlled amount of foam, mist or gasses to extinguish the fire. This system can be used for both residential and commercial spaces and is extremely effective for protecting products and expensive equipment from fire and water damage.

As the demand for fire suppression systems in homes and business continues to grow, so does the need for proper fire protection standards. The codes, standards and equipment in this field is constantly evolving, which is why it is essential to have subject matter experts like the team at Inspect Point keeping pace with all the latest information. Contact us today to learn more about our services and fire protection solutions. We can help you create a fire prevention plan that is tailored to your needs and ensures your space is compliant with current fire safety regulations. We can also provide fire retardant coatings to protect products, machinery and other equipment from the damaging effects of a fire. These fire retardant coatings are made from eco-friendly, non-toxic chemicals that dissipate into the air without causing environmental problems. This is a simple way to protect your investment.

A fire accident is one of the most devastating occurrences that can happen to people. It can lead to destruction of personal belongings, catastrophic burn injuries, life-altering scarring and disfigurement, ongoing pain and suffering, a lifetime of expensive medical treatment and rehabilitation, and even death. In addition, survivors are left with substantial losses that can include lost wages, ongoing medical and rehabilitative expenses, insurance claims, and household repairs. When someone else’s negligence or fault caused the fire, survivors may be entitled to receive a financial settlement that can help them rebuild their lives and move forward.

If a loved one was injured or died in a fire accident, it’s important to take immediate action to protect your legal rights and obtain fair compensation. It is also essential to contact a fire injury attorney as soon as possible to see whether or not you have grounds for a negligence lawsuit against the responsible party.

The most common cause of a fire accident is electrical malfunction or short circuits. These often happen due to poor maintenance or carelessness by users of equipment, and they can result in serious injuries if not addressed in time. Fire accidents can also be caused by gas leakage or improper storage of inflammable materials.

Regardless of the cause, any person whose property is damaged or destroyed by fire should contact their insurance agent or company immediately to initiate the claim process and discuss how they plan to rebuild and restore their home. If it’s safe to do so, the victim should visit their property to assess the damage and document the extent of the loss with photographs and videos. The insurance adjuster may then create an estimate of how much the repairs will cost and factor in deductibles and other out-of-pocket expenses.

Keep receipts of all additional expenses incurred after the fire and submit them to your insurance company as required by your policy. This includes lodging, food, and basic living expenses as well as boarding and care for pets if necessary. In some cases, your insurance company will provide for these expenses under their loss of use and personal property coverage.

It’s always best to stay out of fire-damaged buildings until local authorities say it is safe to return. This is because smoke, toxic fumes and debris from the aftermath of the fire can pose dangers. In addition, there may be live electricity, structural damage and the possibility of asbestos contamination that could be dangerous.

A successful lawsuit can help victims recover the money they need to cover medical and rehabilitative expenses as well as non-tangible costs such as pain, distress and emotional trauma. It can also help deter negligent parties from continuing to put others at risk of fire accidents. However, no amount of money can fully compensate the trauma that results from such a disastrous event. If you have questions about filing a fire injury lawsuit, speak with a personal injury attorney as soon as possible.

Fire is a chemical reaction that turns fuel and oxygen into energy in the form of hot gases. These gases spread outward from the center of the flame and heat the surrounding air, which expands outward as well. This expansion gives the flame its characteristic shape and appearance. Fire burns hot and fast, so it can damage buildings and kill people. It can also destroy plant life and pollute the air.

Fire has many uses, and some humans use it intentionally to achieve certain results. For example, a fire in a power station converts coal into electricity. Other times, it is used to help plants grow, or in cooking and heating homes. It can even be useful in cleaning up the environment by destroying diseased trees and shrubs.

In addition to providing warmth and cooking food, it’s a source of light, which allows us to see in the dark. Some types of fire give off radiant heat, which warms objects that its rays touch. Other types of heat move through the air as convection, which is how your clothes feel when you sit in front of a fireplace or stove.

The way that fire burns is complicated and involves many steps. First, the flammable material (wood or gasoline) must be heated to its ignition temperature. This happens when it comes into contact with something that heats it up, such as a match, concentrated sunlight or friction.

Once a fire has started, it can be sustained by a process called rapid oxidation. This happens when the molecular structure of the fuel breaks down and releases a lot of energy. Then the atoms of the fuel fuse together with oxygen molecules from the air to create new molecules—water and carbon dioxide, for instance. The new molecules release more energy, which causes the fuel to keep igniting. The cycle continues until the fuel runs out or the chemical reaction slows down.

A good way to understand how a fire works is to imagine what it would look like in space. The hot gases in a flame are much less dense than the surrounding air, so they rise up and expand outward, creating the impression of a solid flame. On Earth, gravity helps this process along, but if we were in microgravity, a flame would spread outward and point downward instead of upward.

It is important to be prepared for a wildfire in your area, and make sure you take precautions to protect yourself and your property. Make sure your gas meter and propane tank are secured, and don’t use anything that could spark or explode. If you hear or see an evacuation order, follow it immediately. Check for smoldering debris and report any damaged utility poles or lines to the proper authorities. Make sure your family has a fire escape plan, and practice it often. Also, remember that fire can be dangerous to animals as well. So be sure to secure your pets and keep them inside if possible.

Fire trucks are a crucial piece of firefighting equipment that help firefighters reach the scene of an emergency or blaze quickly. They’re also designed to deliver water and other firefighting materials, like chemicals and foam, to help extinguish the blaze and save lives. Firefighters also use the vehicles to transport themselves and equipment to and from emergency scenes in a quick, safe way.

There are different types of fire trucks, and each type is configured with a specific set of tools and supplies to meet the needs of its community. NFPA standards and other industry-specific standards set forth the minimum requirements for each vehicle based on its function and the area it serves. This ensures that fire departments across the country can request assistance from other departments using standard engine type specifications and terminology. Having consistent fire truck specifications allows for quick, efficient mutual aid and allows fire departments to know exactly what they can expect from other fire trucks arriving on the scene.

The Type 1 fire truck is designed to carry a crew of 3 or 4 firefighters, and it’s equipped with a large amount of basic gear including self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), firefighting tools and hoses, forcible entry equipment, firefighter safety and rescue equipment, chainsaws, full hazmat equipment, advanced life support (ALS) equipment and more. Some jurisdictions also choose to equip their Type 1 fire truck with additional specialized equipment for things like wildland firefighting or structural firefighting.

A Type 2 fire truck may be a great option for a small or medium-sized department looking for a more compact firefighting vehicle. This type of truck typically features a smaller water tank and pump but still has storage capabilities that can hold a lot of equipment. Depending on the jurisdiction, it may also be equipped with a variety of unique tools and equipment, including a deluge gun and/or bundled hose packs.

Often, fire trucks are fitted with audible warning systems that can emit a variety of different sounds depending on the speed and type of maneuver the vehicle is performing. For example, a fire truck driving at high speeds down a highway might be set to a long, sustained “wail” sound while in heavy traffic or in a crowded intersection it might be set to a quicker yelp sound.

Many fire trucks are painted with bright, retroreflective colors to help improve their visibility on the road and in poor lighting conditions. Some fire departments prefer to go with traditional red, while others opt for white with blue stripes or something more creative. In addition to the paint, most fire trucks are outfitted with a wide range of reflective markings on the bumpers and other areas to increase their visibility. Many fire departments also choose to add a flame-retardant finish to their appliances to protect them from chemicals and other substances they encounter while fighting a fire. Some fire trucks are even equipped with a fire suppression system, which can reduce the amount of water needed to fight a blaze.

A fire extinguisher is a portable device that puts out small fires by directing a stream of water or a special liquid or foam material onto the flames. It can also suffocate the flames by denying them oxygen or interfering with the chemical reactions that make them burn. These devices are available in businesses, homes, schools and other places where a fire could occur. They’re easy to use and typically cost less than $10,000 each.

A few things to keep in mind about fire extinguishers are that the type you choose must match the type of fire you’re trying to put out, and that the device must be aimed at the base of the flames (not above or to the side). They’re usually color-coded with a red stripe and a number. Each device has a tank that contains the extinguishing agent and has a handle with a pressure gauge on top. A discharge lever near the top releases the extinguishing agent through a discharge hose, and you must shake the device vigorously before using it. You can find these devices in two forms: handheld units that weigh from 0.5 to 14 kilograms (30.9 to 30.9 lb) and cart-mounted models, which have a red wheel and are typically hung on the wall or placed on a stand.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) extinguishers discharge a gas that reduces the oxygen level in the atmosphere and thus suffocates the fire. They’re effective against Class A fires, such as wood, paper, cloth and trash. They’re also used against Class B flammable liquids, such as grease, oil and paint, and for gasses, including butane and propane.

Clean Agent Fire Extinguishers (CAF) discharge a clean, nonconductive agent that is not harmful to electronic equipment and does not leave any residue after use. These extinguishers are often used in computer rooms and other places with expensive equipment. The agent inside these devices is typically bromochlorodifluoromethane, which is similar to Halon (which was phased out because of its damaging effect on the environment), and has about twice as much range as carbon dioxide on a weight-of-agent basis.

Powder Fire Extinguishers

These devices contain a dry powder that smothers the flames by separating them from oxygen, so they don’t burn. They’re used against Class A and Class B fires, but don’t work on combustible metals like magnesium, titanium, sodium and potassium, which are found in engineering factories.

AFFF and FFFP Fire Extinguishers

These extinguishers are designed to tackle Class A and Class B fires by discharging a liquid-like substance that can smother the flames and block their path to oxygen. These extinguishers are effective for a long time after they’re used, and can be used in freezing temperatures.

There are many other types of fire extinguishers, including halon-based ones, but these three are the most common. Regardless of the fire extinguisher you choose, it’s important to check your unit frequently and follow its manufacturer’s instructions for maintenance. Also, remember to always keep it within reach, as the fire may quickly spread and block your escape route.

Fire stations are an essential part of a city’s emergency response system. They house and maintain the trucks, vehicles and equipment that are dispatched to fires and other emergencies. They also serve as the headquarters for the fire department. The terms and jargon used by firefighters are highly variable and may differ by department or even region. As a result, the vocabulary used in this article should be taken as a general guide only.

Wet down ceremony

A formal ritual to mark the placing of a new fire vehicle into service. This typically includes pushing the old apparatus out and wetting down the new vehicle before it is put into service.

Master box: An alarm relay system connected to a building that monitors the fire alarm pull stations and detectors throughout the structure and automatically relays any in-building alarm to the local fire department. This is usually accompanied by an Annunciator Panel that records, by indicator lights, exactly which pull station or detector has been activated.

Hose pack: A preconfigured arrangement of fire hose in a backpack style bag, often with a gated wye at the end which allows a couple of hand lines to be connected. This is commonly used in quick attack situations, to get water to the fire faster and more easily than would be possible from a pumper alone.

Pilot: In mutual aid situations, a member from the local department who rides with an out-of-town engine to ensure that proper direction is given. Pilots are normally picked up at their fire station before they go on a call.

Wet riser: A pipe in a building that is filled with water to which hoses can be connected to supply water at the scene of a fire. This is a common feature in office buildings and high-rise apartment complexes.

Roof sector: A team, typically of a ladder company, assigned to the roof of a structure for purposes of vertical ventilation during a fire. This is also sometimes done to check the condition of rooftop equipment such as HVAC systems and sprinklers.

NIMS: National Incident Management System, a federally mandated program to standardize command terminology and procedures across the country.

Firefighters’ turnout gear: The full protective clothing worn by firefighting personnel, including helmets, boots and gloves.

Station commander: An officer at a fire department who is responsible for dispatching crews, coordinating resources and communicating with incident command.

Two-in/two-out: The standard safety tactic whereby a firefighter will be sent to an incident along with another member from the same company to provide backup and support. This means that if a member becomes injured or incapacitated, the other firefighter will be available to take their place.

FDNY: The Fire Department of the City of New York, the largest municipal fire department in the United States. It was founded in the late 19th century when volunteer fire departments in the City were consolidated into a paid, professional organization. This led to a massive building boom, as new stations were built to accommodate the influx of new firefighters and equipment. Many of the early fire stations were designed by the in-house architectural firm of Napoleon LeBrun & Son, which later included designs by Hoppin & Koen, Herts & Tallant, Satterlee & Boyd and Dennison.