Types of Fire Extinguisher

Fire extinguishers are an essential safety item in most homes and businesses. It is important to understand what type of fire extinguisher you have and how to use it correctly.

Fires are classified by the type of material they consume or the way in which the flames are ignited. Each fire has a unique chemical reaction that requires a different type of agent to put out the fire. Each fire extinguisher is rated by Underwriter’s Laboratories Inc (UL) according to the class of fire it can be used against.

Generally, Class A fires involve paper, cloth, rubber, plastic and some electrical equipment such as computers, while Class B fires involve flammable liquids like gasoline, paint thinner, grease, oil, solvents or motor fluids. Class C fires are caused by combustible metals such as magnesium and lithium that conduct electricity.

Dry chemical and clean agent fire extinguishers are available in both gas/mist and powder forms. They are able to tackle Class A, Class B and Class C fires and are ideal for home use. Available in either red or blue, they are the most common types of fire extinguishers. They are easy to use and have a high success rate. These are also the best choice for electrical fires because of their non-conductive properties.

Water mist fire extinguishers emit an ultra-fine mist of microscopic ‘dry’ demineralised water particles to extinguish the fire. These are the easiest to maintain and most effective for tackling Class A, Class B and Class C fires. They are suitable for most commercial and domestic premises including offices, shops, retail premises, schools, hotels and warehouses.

There are also specialty extinguishers designed for use in specific applications such as Class K, which are designed for flaming fat and cooking oil fires found in commercial kitchens. These are available in a variety of sizes from 2 1/2 gallons to 5 gallons and are compatible with hood and duct fixed extinguishing systems.

All fire extinguishers should be inspected regularly to ensure they are ready for use. The pressure should be at the recommended level and the nozzles free of dents, dirt or corrosion. They should also be shaken and swept for any loose powder that might have settled during storage.

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher

To use a fire extinguisher, make sure the fire is close enough to be reached and is small. Keep your back to an exit and avoid breathing in smoke. Then pull the pin that is located between the two handles and aim the nozzle at the base of the fire. Squeeze the handle and sweep side to side to distribute the foam or spray evenly over the fire. The fire should be put out after about 8 seconds. After using the extinguisher, be sure to evacuate the area and wait for the fire department to arrive. It is best to have a buddy system with someone else present when using a fire extinguisher. This ensures that if you are unable to extinguish the fire or your hand becomes trapped by the hose, the other person can assist.